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B cell study may lead to treatment options for progressive MS

Published: 18 February 2014

MS Society of Canada and MS Scientific Research Foundation announce $3.6 million grant to understanding B cells for future MS therapies

The Multiple Sclerosis Society  of Canada and the Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation announced a  $3.6 million grant to investigate the role of the B cell, a type of white blood  cell of the immune system, in contributing to the development and propagation  of multiple sclerosis. With collaboration between Â鶹AV, UniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al and University of Toronto, world-leading MS experts Drs. Amit Bar-Or,  Alexandre Prat and Jennifer Gommerman will engage in a unique interdisciplinary  approach to identify and explain the role of B cells in MS.  

To date, modern scientific understanding has considered MS  to be a disease controlled by the T cell, another type of white blood cell. Research  has shown that in MS, T cells mistakenly recognize and attack myelin, the  protective layer of fat covering nerves in the central nervous system, exposing  them to damage. Research in T cells has led to the development of therapies  that aim to control or block the effects of harmful T cells.

However, a surprising discovery in emerging studies has revealed  that therapies targeting B cells led to dramatic improvements in people living  with MS. Moreover, B cells have  recently been found in areas of the brain associated with progressive MS, which  is a debilitating form of MS that currently has no treatments. These recent  studies have led scientists to believe that B cells, which were previously  overlooked in MS, are significant contributors to the disease.

“Based on the encouraging clinical trial results of B cell  depletion in people with relapsing-remitting MS, the question is no longer whether  B cells are important contributors to MS, but how they contribute,” said Dr.  Amit Bar-Or, clinician and scientist at the Montreal Neurological Institute at  Â鶹AV, and one of the study’s lead investigators. “Members of our  team have recently discovered that different types of human B cells exist. Some  B cells promote inflammation, while others are actually able to limit inflammation.  This collaborative study will allow us to address important emerging issues  relevant to understanding and better treating MS, especially progressive MS.”

“This funding provides a unique occasion to pool scientific  resources and expertise from three major MS research centres in Canada to study  the influence of B cells in the development of MS,” said Dr. Alexandre Prat,  neurologist and researcher at the Centre hospitalier de l’Université de  Montréal and professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Université de Montréal.  “It is truly an exciting moment for us, and for the MS community in general.”

Drs. Bar-Or, Prat and Gommerman will collaborate to uncover  fundamental knowledge about how B cells influence the course of MS. This  information will point to clues about the cause of MS, while enabling them to  explore the potential of B cell-targeted treatments for people living with all  forms of MS.

“Our multi-centre team provides a large range of expertise,  from clinical experience to extensive knowledge in immunology. Our  collaborative research will accomplish our goal to learn more about B cells in  MS, so that one day we could develop therapies for progressive forms of the  disease,” said Dr. Jennifer Gommerman, scientist and associate professor at the  Faculty of Medicine of University of Toronto.

“As Canada has the highest rate of MS in the world, Canadian  researchers have a special interest in finding new ways to think about the  cause of MS and improve therapies for Canadians living with the disease,” said Dr.  Karen Lee, vice-president of research, MS Society of Canada. “We are excited  that this research team is breaking new ground in the field of MS research that  will further our knowledge about the complexity of MS. We believe that an end  to MS is achievable, and this B cell study will bring us closer to finding the  answers we need and ending MS.”

“I think that finding the cause and cure for MS involves  innovative thinking and ideas as well as working together to ultimately end  this disease,” said Andrea Butcher-Milne, who was diagnosed with MS in 1997. “It  gives me comfort that researchers in our country are doing their best to  realize the promise of a brighter future for people with MS.”

This study has been selected by the Canadian  Institutes of Health Research to be presented at this month’s Café Scientifique  held on February 18 in Toronto. Café Scientifique is an interactive series of  presentations that allow scientists to share their research advances to the  general public. For more details, visit the .

SOURCE: The Multiple Sclerosis Society  of Canada and the Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation

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